{
    "meta": {
        "title": "Tamil literature from the Sangam age to 1900",
        "generated": "2026-11-01",
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        }
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            "id": 19,
            "title_ta": "தொல்காப்பியம்",
            "transliteration": "Tolkappiyam",
            "type_en": "Kappiyam",
            "type_ta": "காப்பியம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam",
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            "period": "Sangam",
            "period_range": "c. 300 BCE–250 CE",
            "period_code": "S",
            "date": "c. 3rd BCE–5th CE (disputed)",
            "author": "Tolkappiyar",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "3 books, 27 iyals, c. 1,610 nurpas",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Ezhuthu, Sol, Porul; oldest extant Tamil grammar, also a poetics of akam and puram.",
            "metadata_source": "Standard histories of Tamil literature",
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                    500,
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                        "label": "நச்சினார்க்கினியர் உரை",
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                        "pdf": "https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0500.pdf",
                        "text": "https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/utf8/pmuni0500.html"
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                        "label": "நச்சினார்க்கினியர் உரை (பகுதி 2)",
                        "pm": 516,
                        "pdf": "https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0516.pdf",
                        "text": "https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/utf8/pmuni0516.html"
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                        "kind": "விளக்கவுரை",
                        "commentator": "சேனாவரையர் உரை, விளக்கவுரையுடன்",
                        "year": "1966",
                        "archive_id": "acc.-no.-15983-tholkappiyam-solathikaram...-1966",
                        "url": "https://archive.org/details/acc.-no.-15983-tholkappiyam-solathikaram...-1966"
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                        "kind": "உரை",
                        "commentator": "ஆ. சிவலிங்கனார் (பதி.)",
                        "year": "1983",
                        "archive_id": "vtn-024-tolkappiyam-uraivalam-chollathigaram-1983",
                        "url": "https://archive.org/details/vtn-024-tolkappiyam-uraivalam-chollathigaram-1983"
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                "published": "S. Ilakkuvanar, Tholkappiyam in English with critical studies (1963)",
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            "id": 305,
            "title_ta": "காக்கைபாடினியம்",
            "transliteration": "Kakkaipadiniyam",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam (prosody)",
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            "period": "Post-Sangam",
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            "date": "c. 5th–7th c.",
            "author": "Kakkaipadiniyar",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "Fragments",
            "status": "Fragmentary / partial",
            "notes": "Prosody; also Siru Kakkaipadiniyam. Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
            "metadata_source": "Tamil Wikipedia list",
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                        "kind": "உரை",
                        "commentator": "இரா. இளங்குமரன்",
                        "year": "1974",
                        "archive_id": "acc.-no.-22208-kakkai-padiniyam-1974",
                        "url": "https://archive.org/details/acc.-no.-22208-kakkai-padiniyam-1974"
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            "id": 306,
            "title_ta": "அவிநயம்",
            "transliteration": "Avinayam",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam",
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            "date": "date uncertain",
            "author": "Avinayanar",
            "tradition": "Jain",
            "extent": "Lost; fragments",
            "status": "Lost",
            "notes": "Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
            "metadata_source": "Tamil Wikipedia list",
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            "id": 307,
            "title_ta": "சங்க யாப்பு, நற்றத்தம், பல்காயம், மயேச்சுரம்",
            "transliteration": "Sanga Yappu, Natratham, Palkayam, Mayeswaram",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam (prosody) – lost",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "Post-Sangam",
            "period_range": "c. 250–600",
            "period_code": "P",
            "date": "date uncertain",
            "author": "Various",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "Lost; quoted in Yapparunkalam commentary",
            "status": "Lost",
            "notes": "Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
            "metadata_source": "Tamil Wikipedia list",
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                "pdf": "",
                "text": ""
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            "id": 308,
            "title_ta": "பன்னிரு படலம்",
            "transliteration": "Panniru Padalam",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
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            "level": "Work",
            "period": "Post-Sangam",
            "period_range": "c. 250–600",
            "period_code": "P",
            "date": "date uncertain",
            "author": "Attributed to 12 disciples of Agathiyar",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "Lost",
            "status": "Lost",
            "notes": "Puram grammar; basis of Purapporul Venbamalai. Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
            "metadata_source": "Tamil Wikipedia list",
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            "id": 190,
            "title_ta": "இறையனார் அகப்பொருள்",
            "transliteration": "Iraiyanar Akapporul (Kalaviyal)",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
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            "period": "Pallava / Bhakti",
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            "period_code": "B",
            "date": "c. 8th c.",
            "author": "Attributed to Iraiyanar; commentary by Nakkeerar",
            "tradition": "Saiva",
            "extent": "60 sutras",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Commentary preserves the three-Sangam legend.",
            "metadata_source": "Standard histories of Tamil literature",
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                "pdf": "https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0301.pdf",
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            "title_ta": "புறப்பொருள் வெண்பாமாலை",
            "transliteration": "Purapporul Venbamalai",
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            "author": "Aiyanaridanar",
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            "title_ta": "யாப்பருங்கலம்",
            "transliteration": "Yapparunkalam",
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            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam (prosody)",
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            "period_range": "c. 900–1300",
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            "date": "10th c.",
            "author": "Amithasagarar",
            "tradition": "Jain",
            "extent": "c. 96 sutras",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "",
            "metadata_source": "Standard histories of Tamil literature",
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            "id": 195,
            "title_ta": "யாப்பருங்கலக் காரிகை",
            "transliteration": "Yapparunkalakkarigai",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
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            "period": "Chola",
            "period_range": "c. 900–1300",
            "period_code": "C",
            "date": "10th c.",
            "author": "Amithasagarar",
            "tradition": "Jain",
            "extent": "44 karigai verses",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Standard prosody textbook.",
            "metadata_source": "Standard histories of Tamil literature",
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            "author": "Swaminatha Desikar",
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            "id": 315,
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            "notes": "Source: Govindasamy 1969.",
            "metadata_source": "M. Govindasamy, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru (1969)",
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            "transliteration": "Uvamana Sangiragam, Rathina Surukkam",
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            "notes": "Collect conventional similes. Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
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            "transliteration": "Maran Pappavinam",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
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            "date": "16th c.",
            "author": "Thirukkurugai Perumal Kavirayar (attrib.)",
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            "notes": "Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
            "metadata_source": "Tamil Wikipedia list",
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                        "commentator": "ச. வே. சுப்பிரமணியன்",
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            "title_ta": "இலக்கண விளக்கச் சூறாவளி",
            "transliteration": "Ilakkana Vilakka Sooravali",
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            "author": "Sivagnana Munivar",
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            "id": 322,
            "title_ta": "சுவாமிநாதம்",
            "transliteration": "Swaminatham",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
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            "collection": "Ilakkanam",
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            "author": "Swamikavirayar",
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            "extent": "Five-part grammar",
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            "notes": "Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
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            "title_ta": "சந்திராலோகம், குவலயானந்தம்",
            "transliteration": "Chandralokam, Kuvalayanandam (Tamil)",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
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            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam (poetics)",
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            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "18th c.",
            "author": "Tamil versions of Sanskrit alankara works",
            "tradition": "Hindu",
            "extent": "Treatises",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
            "metadata_source": "Tamil Wikipedia list",
            "project_madurai": {
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                "pdf": "",
                "text": ""
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            "wikisource_search": "https://ta.wikisource.org/w/index.php?search=%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D",
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            "transliteration": "Ilakkana Deepam, Viruthapaviyal, Vannathiyalbu, Porutha Vilakkam, Yappoli",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
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            "collection": "Ilakkanam",
            "level": "Work",
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            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "date uncertain (listed undated by Tamil Wikipedia)",
            "author": "Various",
            "tradition": "Hindu",
            "extent": "Treatises",
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            "notes": "Late grammars and prosody manuals. Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
            "metadata_source": "Tamil Wikipedia list",
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            "id": 673,
            "title_ta": "திருவலங்கல் திரட்டு",
            "transliteration": "Thiruvalangal Thirattu",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "18th century",
            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "date uncertain (listed undated by Tamil Wikipedia)",
            "author": "Unknown",
            "tradition": "Saiva",
            "extent": "Treatise",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
            "metadata_source": "Tamil Wikipedia list",
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            "title_ta": "கொடுந்தமிழ் இலக்கணம், செந்தமிழ் இலக்கணம்",
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            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam",
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            "period": "18th century",
            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "18th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
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            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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            "id": 1168,
            "title_ta": "இலக்கணத் திறவுகோல்",
            "transliteration": "Ilakkanath Thiravukool *",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "18th century",
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            "date": "18th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
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            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
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            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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            "id": 1297,
            "title_ta": "பரதசாத்திர இலக்கணம்",
            "transliteration": "Parathachaaththira Ilakkanam *",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Ilakkanam",
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            "date": "18th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
            "author": "அரபத்த நாவலர் — Arapaththa Naavalar *",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
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            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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            "id": 208,
            "title_ta": "முத்துவீரியம்",
            "transliteration": "Muthuveeriyam",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
            "type_ta": "இலக்கணம்",
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            "period": "19th century",
            "period_range": "1800–1900",
            "period_code": "T",
            "date": "19th c.",
            "author": "Muthuveera Upathiyayar",
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            "extent": "c. 1,285 nurpas",
            "status": "Extant",
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            "metadata_source": "Standard histories of Tamil literature",
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            "title_ta": "இலக்கணச் சுருக்கம்",
            "transliteration": "Ilakkana Surukkam",
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            "author": "Arumuga Navalar",
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            "notes": "Source: Project Madurai catalogue.",
            "metadata_source": "Project Madurai catalogue",
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                "pdf": "https://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/pdf/pm0257.pdf",
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            "title_ta": "அறுவகை இலக்கணம்",
            "transliteration": "Aruvagai Ilakkanam",
            "type_en": "Ilakkanam (grammar)",
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            "notes": "Adds a seventh 'pulamai' grammar to the six. Source: Tamil Wikipedia list.",
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