{
    "meta": {
        "title": "Tamil literature from the Sangam age to 1900",
        "generated": "2026-11-01",
        "count": 8,
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            "id": 192,
            "title_ta": "திவாகர நிகண்டு",
            "transliteration": "Divakaram",
            "type_en": "Nigandu",
            "type_ta": "நிகண்டு",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Nigandu (lexicon)",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "Pallava / Bhakti",
            "period_range": "c. 600–900",
            "period_code": "B",
            "date": "c. 8th–9th c.",
            "author": "Divakarar",
            "tradition": "Jain",
            "extent": "12 sections",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Oldest surviving Tamil lexicon.",
            "metadata_source": "Standard histories of Tamil literature",
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                "numbers": [],
                "pdf": "",
                "text": ""
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            "tamil_text_archive": {
                "archive_id": "tdl.2474-tivaakr-niknnttu",
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            "id": 1072,
            "title_ta": "ஆசிரிய நிகண்டு",
            "transliteration": "Aachiriya Nikantu *",
            "type_en": "Nigandu",
            "type_ta": "நிகண்டு",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Lexicon",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "Pandya–Nayak",
            "period_range": "c. 1300–1700",
            "period_code": "N",
            "date": "17th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
            "author": "ஆண்டிப் புலவர் — Aantip Pulavar *",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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            "tamil_text_archive": {
                "archive_id": "kmm-0320-aasiriya-nigandu-1975",
                "url": "https://archive.org/details/kmm-0320-aasiriya-nigandu-1975"
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        {
            "id": 207,
            "title_ta": "சதுரகராதி",
            "transliteration": "Chathuragarathi",
            "type_en": "Nigandu",
            "type_ta": "நிகண்டு",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Lexicon",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "18th century",
            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "1732 CE",
            "author": "Veeramamunivar (Beschi)",
            "tradition": "Christian (Catholic)",
            "extent": "4-part dictionary",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "First Tamil dictionary in alphabetical order.",
            "metadata_source": "Standard histories of Tamil literature",
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                "pdf": "",
                "text": ""
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                "archive_id": "tdl.39157-nuul-viirmaamunnnivr-arullicceyt-cturkraati",
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        {
            "id": 1171,
            "title_ta": "தமிழ் - இலத்தீன், இலத்தீன் - தமிழ், தமிழ் - பிரெஞ்சு, தமிழ் - ஆங்கில அகராதிகள்",
            "transliteration": "Thamizh - Ilaththiin, Ilaththiin - Thamizh, Thamizh - Pirenjchu, Thamizh - Aangkila Akaraathikal *",
            "type_en": "Nigandu",
            "type_ta": "நிகண்டு",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Lexicon",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "18th century",
            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "18th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
            "author": "வீரமாமுனிவர் — Viiramaamunivar *",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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                "text": ""
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            "tamil_text_archive": null,
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            "archive_search": "https://archive.org/search?query=%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%20-%20%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%20%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88"
        },
        {
            "id": 1173,
            "title_ta": "தமிழ் - ஆங்கில அகராதி (Fabricius & Breithaupt)",
            "transliteration": "Thamizh - Aangkila Akaraathi (Fabricius & Breithaupt) *",
            "type_en": "Nigandu",
            "type_ta": "நிகண்டு",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Lexicon",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "18th century",
            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "18th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
            "author": "ஃபேப்ரீஷியஸ், பிரெய்தாப்ட் — Hpeepriishiyas, Pireythaapt *",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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            "archive_search": "https://archive.org/search?query=%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%20-%20%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%20%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%20%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88"
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        {
            "id": 1194,
            "title_ta": "அரும்பொருள் நிகண்டு",
            "transliteration": "Arumporul Nikantu *",
            "type_en": "Nigandu",
            "type_ta": "நிகண்டு",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Lexicon",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "18th century",
            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "18th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
            "author": "அருமருந்து தேசிகர் — Arumarunthu Theechikar *",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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        {
            "id": 1293,
            "title_ta": "தொகை நிகண்டு",
            "transliteration": "Thokai Nikantu *",
            "type_en": "Nigandu",
            "type_ta": "நிகண்டு",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Lexicon",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "18th century",
            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "18th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
            "author": "சுவாமிநாதக் கவிராயர் — Chuvaaminaathak Kaviraayar *",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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        {
            "id": 1294,
            "title_ta": "பொருள் தொகை நிகண்டு",
            "transliteration": "Porul Thokai Nikantu *",
            "type_en": "Nigandu",
            "type_ta": "நிகண்டு",
            "category": "Grammar & Lexicon",
            "collection": "Lexicon",
            "level": "Work",
            "period": "18th century",
            "period_range": "1700–1800",
            "period_code": "E",
            "date": "18th c. (per M. Arunachalam)",
            "author": "சுப்பிரமணிய பாரதி — Chuppiramaniya Paarathi *",
            "tradition": "Secular",
            "extent": "",
            "status": "Extant",
            "notes": "Source: tamil.wiki century list (from M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru).",
            "metadata_source": "tamil.wiki century lists (M. Arunachalam, Tamil Ilakkiya Varalaru)",
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}